Sapflow+: a four‐needle heat‐pulse sap flow sensor enabling nonempirical sap flux density and water content measurements

A unified nomenclature for sap flow measurements.

A unified nomenclature for use in heat pulse measurement of sap flow is proposed. This unified nomenclature overcomes fundamental misunderstandings of the physics of heat and sap movement in wood. The nomenclature is also appropriate to other methodologies for sap flow measurement, such as heat balance methods.

Effect of stem water content on sap flow from dormant maple and butternut stems: induction of sap flow in butternut.

Sap flow from excised maple stems collected over the winter (1986/87) was correlated with stem water content. Stem water content was high in the fall (>0.80) and decreased rapidly during 2 weeks of continuous freezing temperatures in late winter (<0.60). Exudation of sap from stem segments subjected to freeze/thaw cycles was small (<10 mL/kg) in the fall, but substantial exudation (45-50 mL/kg)...

Running head: Sap flow in riparian trees Transpiration of cottonwood/willow forest estimated from sap flux

Influence of stem temperature changes on heat pulse sap flux density measurements.

While natural spatial temperature gradients between measurement needles have been thoroughly investigated for continuous heat-based sap flow methods, little attention has been given to how natural changes in stem temperature impact heat pulse-based methods through temporal rather than spatial effects. By modelling the theoretical equation for both an ideal instantaneous pulse and a step pulse a...

Water Use Patterns of Four Tropical Bamboo Species Assessed with Sap Flux Measurements

Bamboos are grasses (Poaceae) that are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. We aimed at exploring water use patterns of four tropical bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, and G. apus) with sap flux measurement techniques. Our approach included three experimental steps: (1) a pot experiment with a comparison of thermal dissipation probes (T...